Ant Guide

Ants

Formicidae

Ants are social insects that live in highly organized colonies. With over 12,000 known species worldwide, they are among the most common household pests, invading homes in search of food, water, and shelter.

Close-up of ants showing their segmented bodies, bent antennae, and six legs
Explore 27 species of ants Jump to species list

Ants Identification Guide

Physical Characteristics

Ants are small insects with three body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They have six legs, bent antennae, and strong jaws for carrying food and defense. Most ants are between 1/16 and 1/2 inch long, depending on the species. Many are black or brown, but some can be red, yellow, or metallic in color.

Common Species

  • Odorous House Ants: Small, dark brown to black ants. They give off a rotten coconut smell when crushed.

  • Pavement Ants: Brown to black ants that nest in sidewalk and foundation cracks.

  • Carpenter Ants: Large black ants that hollow out wood for their nests. They can cause structural damage over time.

  • Acrobat Ants: Small, reddish-brown ants with heart-shaped abdomens. They raise their abdomen when disturbed.

Ants Behavior and Biology

Ants are social insects that live in colonies. Each colony has workers, soldiers, and one or more queens. Colonies can range from a few dozen ants to millions. Ants talk to each other using scent signals called pheromones. They leave scent trails to lead other ants to food sources. Different species nest in different places: underground, in wood, or inside walls. Carpenter ants can be very destructive. They tunnel through wood and weaken structures over time.

How We Treat for Ants

We take a two-step approach to eliminate ants and keep them from coming back:

Initial Treatment: A licensed technician inspects your home inside and out, checking hotspots like kitchens, bathrooms, and basements. We apply a non-repellent insecticide in cracks and crevices. Ants then spread the material throughout their colony, killing it at the source. We also treat the outside perimeter to create a barrier around your home.

Ongoing Maintenance: We return three times per year for maintenance treatments. These visits reinforce the barrier and stop new colonies from moving in. If you notice ants between visits, we come back at no extra cost.

Types of Ants

Click on any species below to learn more about identification, behavior, and control methods.

Close-up of an acrobat ant on a leaf showing its distinctive orange body and heart-shaped abdomen

Acrobat Ants

Crematogaster spp.

Acrobat ants are small ants that raise their heart-shaped abdomens when disturbed. They nest in moist or decayed wood and often point to moisture problems in homes.

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Macro close-up of an Allegheny mound ant showing its distinctive reddish-brown head and thorax with black gaster

Allegheny Mound Ants

Formica exsectoides

Allegheny mound ants are one of North America's largest mound-building ants. They construct massive dirt mounds up to 3 feet tall and 6 feet wide. These ants kill surrounding vegetation by injecting formic acid, creating bare zones around their nests.

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Top-down view of an Argentine ant on a yellow flower petal showing its light brown coloring and segmented body

Argentine Ants

Linepithema humile

Argentine ants are small light to dark brown ants originally from South America that have become one of the world's most invasive species. They form massive supercolonies with multiple queens and are notorious for displacing native ant species across North America.

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Top-down view of an Asian needle ant showing its elongated dark body, segmented thorax, and orange-brown legs and antennae

Asian Needle Ants

Brachyponera chinensis

The Asian needle ant is an invasive species from East Asia that has established populations across the eastern United States. Unlike most pest ants, it thrives in both disturbed and natural forest environments. Its painful sting can cause severe allergic reactions in some people, making it a medical concern as well as an ecological threat.

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Top-down view of a big-headed ant on white surface showing the characteristic body shape with all legs and antennae visible

Big-Headed Ants

Pheidole megacephala

Big-headed ants are invasive ants with two worker sizes. Soldiers have very large heads compared to regular workers. These ants rank among the 100 worst invasive species in the world. They form huge supercolonies that push out native insects and can become serious pests in warm parts of North America.

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Top-down view of a black carpenter ant on gravel showing its large segmented body and long legs

Carpenter Ants

Camponotus pennsylvanicus

Carpenter ants are large black ants that excavate wood to build their nests, causing structural damage to homes. Unlike termites, they don't eat wood but hollow it out to create galleries for their colonies. The eastern black carpenter ant is the most common species in eastern North America.

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Close-up of a citronella ant worker showing its yellowish-brown coloration on soil

Citronella Ants

Lasius (Acanthomyops) spp.

Citronella ants are yellow to reddish-brown subterranean ants named for the lemon-like odor they release when crushed. They typically nest underground and are often mistaken for termites when their winged reproductives swarm indoors during late summer and fall.

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Close-up side view of a cornfield ant showing its light brown body and characteristic features

Cornfield Ants

Lasius neoniger

Cornfield ants are small, light-brown to dark-brown ants commonly found nesting in open lawns, fields, and sandy soils across eastern and midwestern North America. Also called 'Labor Day ants' due to their late-summer mating flights, they create shallow soil craters in lawns and are known for their relationship with aphids.

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Close-up of a longhorn crazy ant showing its characteristic long legs and antennae

Crazy Ants

Paratrechina longicornis

Fast-moving ants named for their erratic, unpredictable running patterns. Crazy ants do not follow organized trails and are known to invade structures in large numbers, nesting in wall voids, electronics, and anywhere with moisture.

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Top-down view of a European fire ant on a green leaf showing reddish-brown coloration and body structure

European Fire Ants

Myrmica rubra

European fire ants are small, reddish-brown ants native to Europe that have become invasive in northeastern North America. Known for their aggressive stinging behavior and ability to form extremely dense colonies, they pose significant risks to humans, pets, wildlife, and outdoor recreation areas.

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Close-up side profile of a field ant showing its distinctive reddish-brown and black coloring

Field Ants

Formica spp.

Field ants are medium to large ants that build dirt mounds in lawns and yards. Also called mound ants or thatching ants, they're common across North America. Their mounds can damage your lawn and make mowing difficult.

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Close-up of a red imported fire ant showing characteristic reddish-brown coloration and body structure

Fire Ants

Solenopsis invicta

Red imported fire ants are aggressive, stinging ants native to South America that have become one of the most problematic invasive species in the southern United States. Known for their painful stings and large mound nests, these ants pose significant risks to humans, pets, and agriculture.

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Ghost ant worker showing characteristic dark head contrasting with pale translucent body and legs

Ghost Ants

Tapinoma melanocephalum

Ghost ants are tiny, pale-colored ants with dark heads that seem to appear and disappear like phantoms. These tropical ants have become significant indoor pests throughout warmer regions of North America, infesting kitchens and bathrooms where they seek moisture and sweet foods.

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Side profile of a red harvester ant showing characteristic body structure and reddish-brown coloration

Harvester Ants

Pogonomyrmex spp.

Harvester ants are large, seed-collecting ants found primarily in arid regions of North America. Known for their powerful stings and impressive underground colonies, these ants create distinctive cleared areas around their nest entrances and play important ecological roles in desert and grassland ecosystems.

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Top-down view of a Texas leafcutter ant on soil showing its reddish-brown body, spiny thorax, all six legs, and antennae

Leafcutter Ants

Atta texana

Leafcutter ants are large, reddish-brown ants that cut and carry leaf fragments back to their underground nests. They don't eat the leaves but use them to cultivate a special fungus that serves as their primary food source. The Texas leafcutter ant is the only species found in the United States.

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Close-up of little black ants tending aphids on a green plant stem

Little Black Ants

Monomorium minimum

Little black ants are tiny, shiny black ants that commonly invade homes in search of sweet and greasy foods. They form visible foraging trails and can nest both outdoors under stones and indoors in wall voids, making them a persistent nuisance pest across North America.

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Close-up of a little fire ant on a green leaf showing characteristic light orange-brown coloration and small body size with 1mm scale reference

Little Fire Ants

Wasmannia auropunctata

Little fire ants are tiny, aggressive invasive ants from Central and South America known for painful stings. At only 1-1.5mm, these ants hurt far more than their size suggests and cause serious damage wherever they spread.

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Side profile of an odorous house ant showing its brown segmented body and characteristic single hidden petiole

Odorous House Ants

Tapinoma sessile

Odorous house ants are small brown to black ants named for the distinctive rotten coconut smell they produce when crushed. These common household invaders form large colonies with multiple queens and are among the most frequently encountered ant pests across North America.

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Top-down view of a pavement ant showing its dark brown body and distinctive parallel grooves on head and thorax

Pavement Ants

Tetramorium immigrans

Pavement ants are small dark brown to black ants commonly found nesting under sidewalks, driveways, and foundations. They create distinctive crater-like mounds of excavated soil and are known for their territorial battles in late spring. One of the most common ant pests in urban and suburban areas across North America.

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Close-up macro photograph of a pharaoh ant showing its characteristic golden-orange body and darker gaster

Pharaoh Ants

Monomorium pharaonis

Pharaoh ants are tiny, yellowish-brown ants that rank among the most difficult indoor pest ants to control in North America. Known for their ability to establish colonies in warm buildings year-round, these tropical ants are particularly problematic in hospitals, food facilities, and homes where they can contaminate food and spread bacteria.

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Side view of a pyramid ant on sandy soil showing its distinctive reddish-brown coloring and long legs

Pyramid Ants

Dorymyrmex spp.

Pyramid ants are small, fast-moving ants named for the distinctive pyramid-shaped projection on their thorax. These outdoor ants prefer dry, sandy soil and are known for their aggressive behavior toward other ant species, including fire ants. They emit a rotten coconut smell when crushed.

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Top-down view of a rover ant on a light-colored surface showing its dark brown coloration and characteristic body shape

Rover Ants

Brachymyrmex patagonicus

Rover ants are tiny, dark brown ants that have rapidly expanded across the southern and eastern United States. Originally from South America, these invasive ants are nuisance pests that frequently invade homes in large numbers seeking sugary foods and moisture, often nesting in mulch, potted plants, and wall voids.

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Side profile photograph of an odorous house ant (sugar ant) showing its dark brown body and characteristic single-node waist

Sugar Ants

Tapinoma sessile

Sugar ants, also known as odorous house ants, are small dark brown to black ants that invade homes seeking sweet foods. They release a distinctive rotten coconut odor when crushed and are one of the most common ant pests in Northern Virginia.

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Close-up of a tawny crazy ant showing its characteristic golden-brown coloring and dense body hairs

Tawny Crazy Ants

Nylanderia fulva

Tawny crazy ants are an invasive ant species from South America that have rapidly spread across the Gulf Coast states. Named for their erratic running patterns and golden-brown coloring, these ants form enormous supercolonies, infest electrical equipment, and have displaced native ant species including fire ants.

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Close-up of a thief ant reproductive (alate) showing its characteristic yellow-orange body and translucent wings

Thief Ants

Solenopsis molesta

Thief ants are among the smallest household ant pests in North America, earning their name from their habit of stealing food and brood from neighboring ant colonies. These tiny yellow to light brown ants are often mistaken for pharaoh ants and can be difficult to control due to their preference for greasy, protein-rich foods.

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Side view of a velvety tree ant on a green leaf showing its distinctive dark abdomen and orange-red thorax

Velvety Tree Ants

Liometopum occidentale

Velvety tree ants are wood-destroying ants native to the western United States. Named for their velvety black abdomen and tree-dwelling habits, they excavate galleries in wood similar to carpenter ants. These aggressive ants form massive colonies and can cause significant structural damage to homes.

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Close-up of a white-footed ant worker showing its dark body, pale feet, and characteristic profile

White-Footed Ants

Technomyrmex difficilis

White-footed ants are small, black ants with distinctive pale yellowish-white feet. Originally from Southeast Asia, these invasive ants have become significant pests in the southeastern United States, where their massive colonies can number in the millions and create persistent infestations in homes and landscapes.

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Common Questions about Ants

How do I know if I have an ant problem?

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Look for visible ant trails, piles of sawdust-like material from carpenter ants, or food in the kitchen with ants on it. If you see ants often inside your home, there is likely a colony nearby.

What attracts ants to my home?

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Food, moisture, and shelter. Ants are drawn to crumbs, sugary spills, pet food, and even water sources like leaky pipes. Keeping food sealed and fixing moisture issues can help reduce the risk of infestation.

Are carpenter ants dangerous?

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Carpenter ants don't eat wood like termites, but they tunnel through it, causing structural damage over time. If left untreated, they can weaken beams and supports in your home.

Can all ants sting or bite?

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Not all ants can sting, but all ants can bite. Only female ants in certain species have stingers. Fire ants and bullet ants are well-known for their stings. Many ants that cannot sting use their strong jaws for defense instead. Some spray formic acid when they bite. Carpenter ants, for example, bite and spray acid into the wound.

What's the difference between regular spray treatments and non-repellent treatments?

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Traditional sprays only kill the ants they touch, often causing the colony to relocate. We use non-repellent insecticides, which ants carry back to the nest, wiping out the entire colony at the source.

How much does ant control cost?

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Our ant treatment plans start around $39/month, plus a one-time setup fee. The exact price depends on the severity of the infestation and the size of your home.

Can I get rid of ants myself?

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DIY ant treatments often give short-term relief, but they do not kill the colony. Store-bought sprays can make the problem worse. They scatter the ants and cause them to split into multiple nests.

What if I see ants after treatment?

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It's normal to see some activity in the first 7-10 days after treatment as the ants carry the insecticide back to the colony. If the problem persists, we'll come back at no extra cost to ensure the issue is resolved.

More Resources About Ants

Explore our guides and articles for more information about ants.

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George Schulz
About the Author
George Schulz

With five years of hands-on experience in the pest control industry, George Schulz is a registered technician with the Virginia Pest Management Association and a proud third-generation professional in a family business that's been protecting homes for over 57 years.

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